Red squirrels making a comeback - thanks to pine martens

Photo right: grey squirrel by Alexander Law

But they also damaged native trees like oak and beech by stripping their bark and that damage now amounts to millions of pounds each year.
What's more it wasn't long before the greys, larger and more robust than our native red squirrels were starting to take over. It wasn't just that they were bigger and stronger than the reds. Grey squirrels carry 'squirrelpox', a disease that makes them feel unwell, but kills red squirrels. So with the combination of these factors, the UK's population of red squirrels has fallen from 3.5 million to just 250,000 today.
Help now seems to be at hand, but it;'s coming from an unexpected source. Pine martens suffered from hunting for their fur and were killed as predators of game birds until they gained protected status in law during the 1980s. Now their numbers are increasing and there are a few thousand living in Scotland.
New research carried out in Scottish woodlands has confirmed what had already been suggested in research from Ireland: that where there are pine martens, there tend to be more red squirrels and fewer greys. For the experiment, over 200 feeders were filled with hazelnuts and peanuts. Animals visiting the feeders were identified by a sticky patch on the feeders, which collected samples of their hair.

Photo left: pine marten by Iain Leach

So why are there fewer greys when pine martens are around? The researchers think that it's because there are no predators similar to pine martens in the grey squirrels' native range. They don't see pine martens as a threat until it's too late.
Pine martens are starting to make their way south into northern England, but the researchers have warned that it will probably be several decades until pine martens are present in sufficient numbers to keep the grey squirrel population under control. However, it's encouraging to see that the revival in the pine marten's fortunes may also lead to a recovery of the red squirrel population.